天津市监控公司

光纤是光导纤维的简写，是一种由玻璃或塑料制成的纤维，可作为光传导工具。传输原理是“光的全反射”。在日常生活中，由于光在光导纤维的传导损耗比电在电线传导的损耗低得多，光纤被用作长距离的信息传递。通常光纤与光缆两个名词会被混淆。多数光纤在使用前必须由几层保护结构包覆，包覆后的缆线即被称为光缆。光纤外层的保护层和绝缘层可防止周围环境对光纤的伤害，如水、火、电击等。光缆分为：缆皮、芳纶丝、缓冲层和光纤。光纤和同轴电缆相似，只是没有网状屏蔽层。中心是光传播的玻璃芯。在安防监控工程中如果能合理使用光纤，能够达到事半功倍的效果。

Optical fiber is the shorthand of optical fiber. It is a fiber made of glass or plastic, which can be used as a light conduction tool. The principle of transmission is "full reflection of light". In daily life, optical fiber is used as a long distance information transmission because the transmission loss of light in the optical fiber is much lower than the loss of electrical transmission in electric wires. Usually the two nouns of optical fiber and optical fiber will be confused. Most of the fiber must be covered by several layers of protective structure before use, and the cable after the coating is called the optical fiber cable. The protection layer and insulation layer of the outer layer of the fiber can prevent the damage of the surrounding environment on the fiber, such as water, fire, electric shock, etc. Fiber optic cable is divided into cable skin, aramid fiber, buffer layer and fiber. Fiber is similar to coaxial cable, but there is no network shield. The center is the glass core that is transmitted by light. In the security monitoring project, if the optical fiber can be used reasonably, it can achieve twice the result with half the effort.

下面就从以下几个方面教大家认识光纤并且能够合理使用它：

The following will teach you the following aspects of optical fiber and can use it reasonably:

一、光纤有哪些类型

1. What types of fiber are there

1、光纤根据使用场合的不同，分为室内光纤，室外光纤，分支光纤，配线光纤。

1, optical fiber is divided into indoor fiber, outdoor fiber, branch fiber and wiring fiber according to the different use situation.

2、 按敷设方式分：自承重架空光纤、管道光纤、铠装地埋光纤和海底光纤。

2, according to the way of laying: self bearing overhead optical fiber, pipe fiber, armoured buried optical fiber and submarine fiber.

3、按光纤结构分：束管式光纤、层绞式光纤、骨架式光纤、紧抱式光纤、带式光纤，非金属光纤和可分支光纤。

3. According to the fiber structure, the beam tube type fiber, the layer twisted fiber, the skeleton type fiber, the clasp type fiber, the band fiber, the non-metallic fiber and the branch fiber.

4、按用途分：长途通讯用光纤，短途室外光纤，混合光纤和建筑物内用光纤;光纤根据传输方式可分为单模和多模，监控一般使用单模光纤。

4, according to the purpose, it can be divided into long distance communication, optical fiber, short distance outdoor fiber, hybrid optical fiber and fiber in building. Optical fiber can be divided into single mode and multi-mode according to transmission mode. Monitoring and control usually use single-mode optical fiber.

单模光纤：只传输一种模式光信号的光纤，常规有G.652,G.653,G.654,G.655等传输等级分类，单模光纤传输百兆信号距离可达几十公里。单模光纤，只传输主模，也就是说光线只沿光纤的内芯进行传输，由于完全避免了模式射散使得单模光纤的传输频带很宽，因而适用于大容量，长距离的光纤通讯，单模光纤使用的光波长1310nm或1550nm。

Only a single mode optical fiber transmission mode optical signal of the optical fiber, the conventional G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655 and other transmission level classification, dozens of kilometers of single-mode fiber transmission distance up to 100m signal. The single-mode fiber, only the main transmission mode, that is light only along the inner core optical fiber transmission, due to completely avoid the mode dispersion makes the transmission bandwidth of single-mode fiber is very wide, so it is suitable for large capacity, long distance optical fiber communication, using single mode fiber optical wavelength of 1310nm or 1550nm.

单模光纤

single mode fiber

多模光纤：能传输多种模式光信号的光纤，为G.651等级，根据光模式分为OM1,OM2,OM3，多模光纤传输百兆信号最远传输距离2公里。多模光纤，在一定的工作波长下，有多个模式在光纤中传输，这种光纤称之为多模光纤，由于色散或像差，因此这种光纤传输性能较差频带比较窄，传输容量比较小，距离也比较短。

Multimode fiber: fiber optic transmission modes of the optical signal in the G.651 grade, according to the optical mode is divided into OM1, OM2, OM3, multimode fiber transmission fast signal far transmission distance of 2 km. Multimode optical fiber, at a certain working wavelength, has several modes in optical fiber transmission. This optical fiber is called multimode optical fiber. Due to dispersion or aberration, it has poor transmission performance, narrow frequency band, small transmission capacity and short distance.

多模光纤

Multimode fiber

二、光纤敷设方式和要求

Two. Optical fiber laying methods and requirements

常规室外光纤都是以松套管作为纤芯的容器，为最常见光纤纤芯敷设方式；室内光纤常见为紧套式敷设；大芯数光纤的纤芯也有以带状方式进行组合敷设光纤纤芯。

Conventional outdoor optical fiber is a container with loose casing as core, which is the most common way of laying optical fiber core. Indoor fiber is usually tightly laid, and the core of large core fiber is also combined with fiber core in ribbon mode.

室外光纤

Outdoor optical fiber

室内光纤

Indoor fiber

光纤的敷设要求：光纤的弯曲半径应至少为光纤外径的15倍，在施工过程中应至少于为20倍；布放光纤时，光纤盘转动应与布放速度同步，光纤索引的速度一般每分钟15米；布放光纤时，光纤出盘处要保持松弛的弧度，并保留缓冲的余量，又不宜过多，避免光纤出现背扣；光纤在两端预留长度为5-10米；敷设光纤时应做好标签，并填好放线记录；所有光纤不应外露。

Optical fiber laying: bending radius of the fiber should be at least 15 times the diameter of the fiber, in the construction process should be at least 20 times; fiber cloth, fiber optic disc rotation should be placed with the synchronous speed, fiber index average speed of 15 meters per minute; cloth fiber, fiber optic disc to maintain relaxation of the arc, and keep the buffer margin, and should not be too much to avoid the back button in optical fiber; fiber set at both ends of a length of 5-10 meters; laying fiber should label, and fill line records; all fiber should not be exposed.

三、光芯的选择

Three. Selection of light core

纤芯数量是每条光纤中所含的玻璃纤维的数量。下面我们给大家介绍一些确定光纤芯数的方法。

The number of fiber cores is the number of glass fibers in each fiber. Here we will introduce some methods to determine the number of fiber cores.