| 监控安防工程光纤如何使用？ |
| 添加时间：2017/12/15 14:43:22 浏览次数： |
| 1 光纤的类型 1 type of optical fiber 光纤根据使用场合的不同，分为室内光纤，室外光纤，分支光纤，配线光纤。 Optical fiber is divided into indoor fiber, outdoor fiber, branch fiber and wiring fiber according to the different use situation. 按敷设方式分：自承重架空光纤、管道光纤、铠装地埋光纤和海底光纤。 According to the method of laying: self bearing overhead optical fiber, pipe fiber, armored buried optical fiber and submarine fiber. 按光纤结构分：束管式光纤、层绞式光纤、骨架式光纤、紧抱式光纤、带式光纤，非金属光纤和可分支光纤。 According to the fiber structure, the beam tube type fiber, the layer twisted fiber, the skeleton type fiber, the clasp type fiber, the band fiber, the non-metallic fiber and the branch fiber. 按用途分：长途通讯用光纤，短途室外光纤，混合光纤和建筑物内用光纤; It is divided into use: long distance communication fiber, short distance outdoor fiber, hybrid fiber and fiber in building. 光纤根据传输方式可分为单模和多模，监控一般使用单模光纤。 The optical fiber can be divided into single mode and multi mode according to the transmission mode, and it can monitor the use of single mode fiber. 单模光纤：只传输一种模式光信号的光纤，常规有G.652,G.653,G.654,G.655等传输等级分类，单模光纤传输百兆信号距离可达几十公里。单模光纤，只传输主模，也就是说光线只沿光纤的内芯进行传输，由于完全避免了模式射散使得单模光纤的传输频带很宽，因而适用于大容量，长距离的光纤通讯，单模光纤使用的光波长1310nm或1550nm。 Only a single mode optical fiber transmission mode optical signal of the optical fiber, the conventional G.652, G.653, G.654, G.655 and other transmission level classification, dozens of kilometers of single-mode fiber transmission distance up to 100m signal. The single-mode fiber, only the main transmission mode, that is light only along the inner core optical fiber transmission, due to completely avoid the mode dispersion makes the transmission bandwidth of single-mode fiber is very wide, so it is suitable for large capacity, long distance optical fiber communication, using single mode fiber optical wavelength of 1310nm or 1550nm. 多模光纤：能传输多种模式光信号的光纤，为G.651等级，根据光模式分为OM1,OM2,OM3，多模光纤传输百兆信号最远传输距离2公里。多模光纤，在一定的工作波长下，有多个模式在光纤中传输，这种光纤称之为多模光纤，由于色散或像差，因此这种光纤传输性能较差频带比较窄，传输容量比较小，距离也比较短。 Multimode fiber: fiber optic transmission modes of the optical signal in the G.651 grade, according to the optical mode is divided into OM1, OM2, OM3, multimode fiber transmission fast signal far transmission distance of 2 km. Multimode optical fiber, at a certain working wavelength, has several modes in optical fiber transmission. This optical fiber is called multimode optical fiber. Due to dispersion or aberration, it has poor transmission performance, narrow frequency band, small transmission capacity and short distance. 2光纤敷设方式和要求 2 optical fiber laying methods and requirements 常规室外光纤都是以松套管作为纤芯的容器， 为最常见光纤纤芯敷设方式；室内光纤常见为紧套式敷设；大芯数光纤的纤芯也有以带状方式进行组合敷设光纤纤芯。 Conventional outdoor optical fiber is a container with loose casing as core, which is the most common way of laying optical fiber core. Indoor fiber is usually tightly laid, and the core of large core fiber is also combined with fiber core in ribbon mode. 光纤的敷设要求：光纤的弯曲半径应至少为光纤外径的15倍，在施工过程中应至少于为20 倍；布放光纤时，光纤盘转动应与布放速度同步，光纤索引的速度一般每分钟15米；布放光纤时，光纤出盘处要保持松弛的弧度，并保留缓冲的余量，又不宜过多，避免光纤出现背扣；光纤在两端预留长度为5-10米；敷设光纤时应做好标签，并填好放线记录；所有光纤不应外露。 Optical fiber laying: bending radius of the fiber should be at least 15 times the diameter of the fiber, in the construction process should be at least 20 times; fiber cloth, fiber optic disc rotation should be placed with the synchronous speed, fiber index average speed of 15 meters per minute; cloth fiber, fiber optic disc to maintain relaxation of the arc, and keep the buffer margin, and should not be too much to avoid the back button in optical fiber; fiber ends reserved length of 5-10 meters; laying fiber should label, and fill line records; all fiber should not be exposed. 3光芯的选择 Selection of 3 light core 纤芯数量是每条光纤中所含的玻璃纤维的数量。下面我们给大家介绍一些确定光纤芯数的方法。 The number of fiber cores is the number of glass fibers in each fiber. Here we will introduce some methods to determine the number of fiber cores. 首先清楚知道该层布线点的数量，算出交换机的台数，交换机之间连接是堆叠还是不堆叠。如果堆叠，核心交换机为双机热备冗余的话，6芯就够用了(2台核心各用2芯，2芯冗余)。 First, you know the number of the wiring points of the layer, calculate the number of switches, whether the switch is stacked or not stacked. If the stack is stacked, the core switch is double - machine redundant, the 6 core will be enough (2 cores each with 2 cores, 2 Xin Rongyu). [SwiD578.jpg] [SwiD578.jpg] 如果不堆叠一台交换机要4芯，交换机数量乘以4加上4芯的冗余，就可以了。(注：冗余：只要比用的多，多出的就叫冗余主备：一个用的，另外一个完全一样的做备用;热备份：同时都在工作状态中;冷备份：备份设备处于待机状态。) If you don't stack a switch for 4 cores, the number of switches multiplied by 4 plus the redundancy of 4 cores. (Note: redundancy: as long as the amount used is much more, it is called redundant main standby: one is used, the other is exactly the same as spare parts; hot backup: at the same time, in the working state; cold backup: backup device is in standby state. ) 经验做法：每个楼层配线间(水平配线机柜)，设一根光纤，一般为六芯：两芯使用、两芯备用、两芯冗余;也有使用八芯光纤的。规范的最小配置每48个点2芯。当然48个点可选4芯，因为2芯为光纤的最小单位，多留2芯做为备分比较恰当。 Experience: every floor wiring (horizontal wiring cabinet), set up a fiber optic, generally six core: two core, two core spare, two core redundancy, and eight core optical fiber. The minimum configuration of the specification is 2 cores per 48 points. Of course, the 48 points are optional 4 cores, because the 2 core is the smallest unit of the fiber, and it is more appropriate to leave more than 2 cores. 以上是光纤芯数的确定方法介绍，大家可以了解一下。备份可因人而宜选，所以出来的光纤芯数差别较多，按规范选只是保证一个最小选型再加一个备份芯数就可以了。 The above is the method of determining the number of fiber core, we can understand it. Backup can be selected for people, so there are many differences in the number of fiber cores coming out. According to standard selection, only a minimum selection is ensured, plus a backup core number. 4注意点 4 points of attention 光纤的选用除了根据光纤芯数和光纤种类，还要根据光纤的使用来选择光纤的外护套，在选用时要注意以下几点： The selection of optical fiber is based on the number of optical fiber cores and types of optical fiber, and the outer sheath of optical fiber should be selected according to the use of optical fiber. 1. 户外用光纤直埋时，宜选铠装光纤，架空时，可选用两根或多根加强筋的黑色塑料外护套的光纤。 1., when the outdoors are directly buried with fiber, the armoured fiber should be selected and the fiber of the black plastic outer sheath with two or more reinforcement can be selected when the air is overhead. 2. 建筑物内用的光纤在选用时应该注意其阻燃，毒和烟的特性，一般在管道中和强制通风处，可选用阻燃和有烟的类型，暴露的环境中应选用阻燃、无烟和无毒的类型。 2., the properties of flame-retardant, toxic and smoke should be paid attention to when choosing the optical fiber used in buildings. Generally, in the pipeline and forced ventilation, fire-retardant and smoky types can be selected, and the types of flame retardant, smoke-free and non-toxic should be selected in the exposed environment. 3. 楼内垂直布线时，可选用层绞式光纤;水平布线式，可选用分支光纤。 In the vertical wiring of the 3. floor, we can choose the layer twisted fiber, the horizontal wiring type, and the branch fiber. 4. 传输距离在2km以内的可选用多模光纤;超过2km可选用中继或单模光纤。 4. the multimode fiber is selected for the transmission distance within 2km, and the relay or single mode fiber can be used over 2km. 以上是单从应用方面考虑的几个问题，实施时候还需要灵活掌握。其实，布线环境复杂多样，各种问题都可能随时出现，这就需要我们在规划和施工时严格按照布线标准实施，遇到问题，灵活分析，就会圆满解决。 The above is only a few problems to consider from the application, and the implementation time needs to be grasped flexibly. In fact, the wiring environment is complex and diverse, and all kinds of problems may occur at any time. This requires us to implement strictly according to the wiring standards when planning and construction, and we will solve the problems and analyze flexibly. |
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